Questions On Gross National Expenditure Essay - 986 Words

Economics Assignment 1 HALINA BINTI HUSSAIN 792153 Question 1 Gross National Expenditure (GNE) is defined as the aggregate national expenditure by all residents of a specific country on final goods and services, namely in the form of private consumption expenditure (C), investments (I) and government expenditure (G). The calculation of GNE does not take into account the origin of the goods and services. GNE and GDP(E) are different. GNE accounts for all final goods and services bought in a specific country including those bought from abroad also known as imports (M). For example, some households may spend on locally produced Peter’s ice cream while other residents may purchase Hà ¤agen-Dazs ice cream imported from USA. Despite their origin, both ice creams are accounted for in GNE. GDP(E) however, is only interested in measuring residents’ expenditure on domestically produced products as well as those goods and services produced domestically but sold in the foreign market known as exports (X). Hence, imports are deducted from the calculation of GNE whilst exports are added in order to arrive at GDP (E). In some circumstances, GDP(E) and GNE can be equal which is when no goods and services are imported nor exported. Another situation would be when total imports equals to total exports, hence trade balance would be zero. Question 2 In a closed economy, it is assumed that the total level of real production (Y) is dependent on the inputs of labour (L) and capitalShow MoreRelatedMacroeconomics641 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction to Economics EF 110 Take home exercise Due date: Wednesday 27th April 6pm 2011 This assignment must be submitted via moodle EF110 homepage. This assignment accounts for 10% of the final module grade Answer all questions. Marks awarded for each question can be clearly seen. This is an individual test and while it is expected that you may consult notes, etc, the final work shown should be your work alone. Your signature below will be taken as fulfilling the usual declaration thatRead MoreGross Domestic Product Is The Value Of Goods Produced And Services1236 Words   |  5 PagesGross Domestic Product, also known as GDP, is defined as the value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year. Gross Domestic Product is important in the culture of economics because in the United States, we use it to measure the well-being of the economy. Gross Domestic Product is measured in quarters, there are four quarters in one economic year. Say the Gross Domestic Product is down 10% in Quarter One and then in Quarter Two the Gross Domestic Product has gone up byRead MoreThe Study of Macroeconomics1507 Words   |  7 PagesMacroeconomic Questions †¢ Why do output and employment sometimes fall and how can unemployment be reduced? †¢ What are the sources of price inflation and how can it be kept under control? †¢ How can a nation increase its rate of economic growth? †¢ Objectives of Macroeconomics OUTPUT †¢ high level and rapid growth of output †¢ to provide goods and services that the population desires †¢ most comprehensive measure of total output in an economy is the gross domestic product / gross national product Read MoreDescription Of An Seasonally Adjusted Data1668 Words   |  7 PagesSubject Code: ECON10003 Subject Name: Introductory Macroeconomics Student ID Number: 762224 Student Name: Laura Walker Assignment Name or Number: 1 TUTOR: Saqib Manzoor TUTORIAL: Tuesday 8:00am – 9:00am QUESTION ONE a. Seasonally adjusted data March quarter 2014 - March quarter 2015 December quarter 2014 - March quarter 2015 Australia 2.3% 0.9% United States 2.9% 0.14966% (≈0.150%) (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015) (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of CommerceRead MoreEconomic Model Of Supply And Demand788 Words   |  4 Pagescapital Fiscal Deficit GDP Debt Net exports Consumer Price Index Producer Price Index Consumption spending Investment Inflation Production Possibility Curve II. ESSAY QUESTIONS. Answer any TWO questions. Answer all parts of each question that you choose. 1. a) What is Supply ? What is Demand ? b) Develop a model of a market, utilizing supply and demand. What are the dominant variables or parameters ? c) What is a shortageRead MoreDifference Between The And Australia1390 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION ONE a. Seasonally adjusted data March quarter 2014 - March quarter 2015 December quarter 2014 - March quarter 2015 Australia 2.3% 0.9% United States 2.9% 0.14966% (≈0.150%) (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015) (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2015) There is a slight difference in growth change over the past year for the US and Australia (by 0.6%). The difference between the respective levels of growth over the December quarter 2014 – March quarter 2015 is greaterRead MoreEcon984 Words   |  4 Pagesslot marked for your section in the white assignment collection box on the 2nd floor of Dunning Hall. Late assignments will not be accepted. †¢ Use the Cover Page when submitting assignments. Place diagrams for particular questions with your answers to those questions. †¢ Group Work: Maximum four per group, all students must be registered in the same section of the same course. Names must be in alphabetical order on the cover page. †¢ Graded work will be available for pick-up beginningRead MoreThe Value Of The National Debt906 Words   |  4 PagesThe Actual National Debt When the economists talk about the national debt, they talk about the ratio of the national debt to the Gross Domestic Product. Well, why do they compare those two concepts, instead of just giving us the sum of the national debt? In order to answer this question we will have to define what is the national debt, and what is the GDP. The National Debt The National Debt is the sum of all past federal deficits, minus any surpluses. (Rittenberg, L. and Tregarthen, T., 2012). ToRead MoreAssignment 2: What Is Gross Domestic Product?988 Words   |  4 PagesGo to the following website: www.bea.gov/index.htm Based on the information contained on the website above, answer the following questions: 1. What was Real GDP for 2009? The Real GDP for 2009 was 13,973.7 (NIPA Tables 1.1.5, 2012) a. What does GDP tell us? The GDP gives information regarding the country’s economy in regards to total money value on all final goods and services that are produced in the economy over any given time frame - annually or quarterly. Real GDP accounts for priceRead MoreGovernment Spending On Welfare And The Gross Domestic Product1673 Words   |  7 Pageswelfare is one of the biggest categories. Expenditure on welfare is directly extracted from government statistics[1]. There has been a great debate as to whether government spending on welfare has any relationship with the size of a country’s GDP[2]. As such, this research is meant to demystify the situation. The purpose of carrying out this research is to examine any underlying correlation between the government spending in welfare of the people and the gross domestic product. There are two hypotheses

Hallway Hangers and The Brothers Essay - 1059 Words

In his research Jay Macleod, compares two groups of teenage boys, the Hallway Hangers and the Brothers. Both groups of teenagers live in a low income neighborhood in Clarendon Heights, but they are complete opposites of each other. The Hallway Hangers, composed of eight teenagers spend most of their time in the late afternoon or early evening hanging out in doorway number 13 until very late at night. The Brothers are a group of seven teenagers that have no aspirations to just hang out and cause problems, the Brothers enjoy active pastimes such as playing basketball. The Hallway Hangers all smoke, drink, and use drugs. Stereotyped as â€Å"hoodlums,† â€Å"punks,† or â€Å"burnouts† by outsiders, the Hallway Hangers are actually a varied group, and much†¦show more content†¦164). A primary group is a small, relatively permanent, intimate, and unspecialized group that develops a sense of â€Å"we†; a face-to-face group that entails close emotional ties. A type of group that is less characteristic of groups in modern society where impersonality and individualism tend to dominate (Charon p. 327). The Hallway Hangers know as a group that work is highly important in order to support them. The boys have all held summer time jobs. All of them, except for one of the members have pursued fulltime work, but none have been able to obtain meaningful employment. Every time one of them thinks they have a decent job, something happens and it doesn’t work out for them. This type of firsthand experience in the job market further deflates any illusions they might have had about the openness of the opportunity structure (Macleod p. 164). In contrast, the Brothers as a group look forward to a more optimistic future where work is the central goal. For this group, wo rk is an exclusively summer-time affair, in fact only one member is on the job market full time (Macleod p. 167). This is one of the reasons why they still have a positive attitude towards the labor market, they have not been shut out or had a job fall through on them. As a group they may even discuss their goals for school and work in the future and this can lead to even higherShow MoreRelatedAin t No Makin By Jay Macleod906 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups of young males, the Hallway Hangers and the Brothers, in housing projects called Clarendon Heights. MacLeod explores these two extremely different groups over a long course of time to see how they develop from teenagers to adults. MacLeod comes to find that the Hallway Hangers, which is a group of mostly white men, are completely uninterested in education and completely interested in drugs and alcohol. These young men have no desire for a better life. The Brothers, on the contrary, are a groupRead MoreAin t No Makin By Jay Mcleod960 Words   |  4 Pagesof men is The Hallway Hangers who predominantly are white youths that ‘hang out in the hallway’. The Hallway Hangers are more associated with criminal behaviors and have given up on their educations almost completely. From the lack of opportunities they saw, the Hallway Hangers were drop outs and had no aspirations for a more successful life. The second group calls themselves The Brothers who are an all black group that are more hard-working than the Hallway Hangers. The Brothers are more determinedRead MoreJay Macleod s Ethnography : Ain t No Makin It, Sheds Light On The Institute Of Education1732 Words   |  7 Pagespredominantly Caucasian and predominantly African American youth who reside in the same low income neighborhood and attend the same school. He soon learned that in contrast to the Hallway Hangers, the predominantly white group who for the majority believed that there was no escape from their socioeconomic background, the Brothe rs, the predominantly African American group do aspire to hold middle class jobs in the future that provided stable incomes and commit to long term relationships with significantRead MoreAn Emphasis on Black Youth in America, Kojo A.Dei,ins book ‘Ties That Bind: Youth and Drugs in a Black Community1541 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the Clarendon Heights housing project, the Hallway Hangers and the Brothers. This research project intimately looks at these individuals, their group and family contexts, school and work settings (school programs, educational tracking, educational outcomes, employment and opportunity), and their aspirations or attainment in these areas. Macleod also offers a second part to the book which looks into their lives eight years later. The Hallway Hangers consist of eight members between the ages ofRead MoreResponse Paper : Ain t No Makin It Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesdrank alcohol, engaged in sexual activities and created their own forms of  "lean† which is a drink made from promethazine and codeine. Most students ditched class or just didn’t show up at all. I feel as though my high school had a mix of â€Å"hallway hangers† and â€Å"brothers† except all of the same race end economic backgrounds. The peer pressure was and still is really high in my neighborhood, but I’ve seen for myself the dangers and consequences that came from engaging in those acts, which made me want toRead More Improving the Educational System Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagestheir struggles of social reproduction. The two groups of teens, the Hallway Hangers and in the Brothers, show the struggle of being in a poverished society. The Hallway Hangers where slackers, drug users, and alcoholics, but not so much by choice, but by the environment that they where raised in. The Hallway Hangers had little asperations, predicting that they would be either dead or criminals in 20 years. The Hallway Hanger lacked in parental involvement, good role models, and came from brokenRead MoreConcepts and Implications in Jay Macleods Aint No Makin It2034 Words   |  9 Pagesbook Aint No Makin It: Aspirations and Attainment in a Low-Income Neighborhood. His study examines two groups of working class teenage boys residing in Clarendon Heights, a housing project in upstate New York. The Hallway Hangers, a predominately white peer group, and the Brothers, an all African American peer group with the exception of one white member. Through the use of multiple social theories, MacLeod explains social reproduction by examining the lives of these groups as they experienceRead MoreAin t No Making It Chapter Summaries Essay9177 Words   |  37 Pagesthe Hallway Hangers and the Brothers, two groups of youth that reside in Clarendon Heights. The Hallway Hangers are a group of mostly white boys (with the exception of 2) who are involved in criminal activity (robbery, drug dealing) drink, smoke marijuana and mostly do not favor school with only of the boys in the group having graduated high school. Despite they criminal activity, most of the Hallway Hangers desire to make enough money to move their families out of the projects. The Brothers areRead More`` Ain t No Makin It1813 Words   |  8 PagesSuch phenomenon, known as the social reproduction is closely examined by Jay Macleod in the book â€Å"Ain’t No Makin’ It†. Macleod closely examines two groups of working class teenagers in Massachusetts. One group, known as The Hallway Hangers, filled with white boys, and the Brothers, composed mainly of African American boys. By laying out multiple social theories and bringing in several sociologists’ theories, Macleod reveals his thoughts on why social reproduction occurs in the United States and whyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ain t No Makin 2497 Words   |  10 Pagesconditions. That is so because social behavior is the resultant psychology of interacting with the environment. Projections in the book have been divided into three sections, with portions dedicated to the hallway hangers, who are white kids and other factions to the teenage African American brothers. The presentation cove rs the influence of their mental conceptions on the progress of their financial growth. The two groups are used to illuminate the social conceptions that are developed in the American

Henri Cartier Bresson Arts Essay Example For Students

Henri Cartier Bresson Arts Essay There is a subtle influence of composition on his works though, due to his interest in painting before he came a photographer. 1 We can observe his ability to capture the decisive moment, producing a snapshot of what the eye saw in a fleeting instant, with a cosmopolitan understanding of the scene-2 using his mom Lexical cameras he produced images which, usually featuring only a few characters, encapsulated the personalities, emotions and circumstances of a scene. By focusing on the crowd or characters rather than the affair, Carelessness evoked mood and feeling in his images. With this theme tot emotion running throughout all his work, we can observe that he grasped the inner relationships of human beings, motif which distinguished his work from that of others. 4 In the time of the great magazines before the dominance of television, photojournalism was featured on elaborate spreads and reached a wide audience. Carrier-Browser co- founded Magnum, a photography agency which allowed photojournalists to publish their work in major magazines whilst keeping rights to their work. As a photojournalist Carrier-Browser recorded life and events in times and places like China before and during its industrial revolution, India and Indonesia throughout their independence and the United States throughout its post-war economic rookeries. He utilized the photo essay to tell the story behind his images, acclaimed for his images Of I unknown author, 2000, Henry Carrier-Browser , Photo Seminars. Available from: http://www. Photographers. Com/Fame/browser. HTML> . 2 Emanuel, P. C 2006 Inside the Photograph: Writings on Twentieth Century Photography, Aperture Foundation, New York, p 230. Unknown author, 2000, pop. Cit. Henry Carrier-Browser. 4 Galas, P. 2010, Henry Carrier-Browser: The Modern Century Introduction , Museum of Modern Art. Available from: http://Momma. Org/explore/multimedia/audios/199> . 5 unknown author, 2011, History of Magnum , Magnum Photos. Available from: http://agency. Magnusson. Com/about}history> (accessed 27/3/2011], Shindigs funeral, Indians independence and Chinas industrial revolution,6 He created images which documented and defined the Wests understanding and interpretation of these events. We will write a custom essay on Henri Cartier Bresson Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Shanghai is an example officiator- Forenoons photojournalism taken just before the impending Communist Revolution. The Great Leap coward, China is a photo essay by Carrier- Browser following a four month trip to China, in which he generates and details, through seemingly mundane photographs, the Story Of Chinas industrialization. Carrier-Browser visited the Soviet Union twice, and the second in the early sass resulted in a bleak, glum body Of work, emulated in Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) [Plate 31. Shanghai [Plate 11 is a superb example of Carrier-Forenoons best photojournalist work. With the imminent rule of Communism, Chinese people rushed to the bank to exchange their paper money. Which would soon be worthless, for gold. It is an interesting situation that is being conveyed, as other Asian nations at he time (India, Indonesia and Burma) were gaining independence, yet the Chinese Nationalists were about to be defeated by the Communists. 7 As with nearly all of his photos, Carrier-Browser captured this image with a mom Lexical. The standing figures create a distinctive foreground and background, as well as providing direction for the eye across the image from left to right, due to the way they are facing. This delicate use of composition allows for order within the photograph despite its chaotic subject. This photograph is evocative of the situation, so much so that it is elevated to the level of a metaphor, for all crowds n all places,8 With this representation of a common scene throughout the world Carrier-Browser conveys the moment, the emotions and the circumstances of the scene. He has documented an event, not literally, but by the peoples reaction to it; this communicates to the viewer more feeling, more atmosphere and more of a reaction. 6 Galas, P. 2010, pop. It. Introduction. 7 Galas, P. 2010, pop. Cit. Shanghai, China. 1948. 8 Galas, P. 2010, pop. Cit. Shanghai, China. 1948. A photo essay comprises of a collection of images and captions which together tell a Story. Carrier-Forenoons photo essay The Great Leap Forward, China, 1958 commenced the industrial revolution of China under the communist rule of Mao TTS-Dung. The photos were unallocated, simple depictions of people a t work or in the street, accompanied by captions which were specified their actions and their place in the greater scheme of the revolution. .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d , .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .postImageUrl , .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d , .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:hover , .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:visited , .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:active { border:0!important; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:active , .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9f45ed27801010e86b90b0c4856c041d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Outline of Vincent Van Gogh EssayThis image of an oil rigger cleaning his drill in the bare Gobi Desert appears to be simply a portrayal of a man at work, which Carrier-Browser did very well; he not only captured their physical labor and exertion but also their engagement with machines. The story behind this image, and the others in the photo essay, gives t more implication in that the audience now understands the context of the subject, the symbolism tot the image and the greater scheme behind what this photograph delineates. This was what photojournalism of the time embodied; the wider picture. Again there is sensitive composition, mainly in the form of contrast between the stark, denuded landscape and the colossal machinery, emphasized by the machines dominance within the frame. On his second trip to the Soviet Union, Carrier-Browser presented a very different Russia from the one shown in work from his first trip. His first visit was significant s he was the first Western photographer permitted to enter the Soviet Union since Joseph Stalin had died a year earlier; ICC maybe he did not want to then produce bleak and melancholy images, which eventually came after his second visit in the early I gags. Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) is from the work Carrier-Browser made on his second trip. Compositionally, the photograph features a low horizon line, a technique Which allows the eye 9 Galas, P. 2010, pop. Cit. China. 1958. 10 Galas, P. 2010, pop. Cit. Leningrad, Soviet Union. 1973. To be drawn by the large white buildings to the space in between them, and onto the expansive sky. The power lines also provide a focal point in the top. Left corner, which then leads your eye across and down the image, Subtle composition, but it is integral to the image.

What Freelance Writer Moms Should Focus on For Back to School

The time is here! Do you hear the glorious music? 🙂 Im talking about back to school. Its the time when the children no longer whine about not having anything to do. Its also the time when the stress of trying to keep a house clean, run a freelance writing business and have those family road trips was making you crazy. I dont know about you, but this was the first official summer with the twins since they attended Kindergarten last fall. The summers before this were no problem as I was a stay-at-home mom and formed my own work at home schedule with twins. But, for some reason, this summer was a gong show. Lets see: My daughter was sick the first week in July and spent three days in the hospital The childcare options that I envisioned were no longer available I got ill and then my husband got sicker House chores (lawn mowing, gardening, organizing) took a back burner for July So yea, July was not the greatest month for us. August is doing better but just slightly! Back to school for me is filled with great ideas for my freelance writing business. If youre a stay-at-home mom and also a freelance writer, lets look at how we can optimize the time when our little ones are off at school. 1. Have a Schedule for Work Time One thing I realized once my twins started school is that I could sit at my computer from 9-3 without really getting up or working much. This was a new thing for me – being a full-time freelance writer – and I already was making a big mistake – having no set schedule. So, the first thing as a work at home mom is to find a schedule that works for you. What I like to do is do my house chores in the morning. This sets the tone for my day. Since I work in my home, I dont want a cluttered office or house. It needs to be organized and clean. So I get that out of the way. I then work from 9:30-12pm and take a break. I have to get up, walk around and have lunch with my husband (since we also works at home). This is the time I continue with chores (empty the dishwasher, fold laundry, etc..) and may run some errands. Its a good idea to take a mental break from working at home. But this leaves little time before I pick up my kids at 3pm. Sometimes I can squeeze in work from 2-3pm. Once the kids are home, its mom time. I stop working and focus on the twins and getting supper ready. Then when the kids go to sleep, Im hustling again! So figure out your schedule when its back to school time! Sign up to my free six-day email course and get even more actionable tips to help you succeed as a freelance writer. 2. Have a Plan Once you have a schedule, you need a plan for the business tasks you will be doing every day. If youre new to freelance writing, your daily tasks will be different from someone thats doing this full-time (like me). New Freelance Writer Plan Your primary job is to find a freelance writing job (if you dont have one or you only have one). You will spend the bulk of your time: Pitching to job boards Pitching guest post spots Cold pitching companies Networking with brands, influencers, and other writers on social media The second part of your time at home is creating content to market your freelance writing business. This is in the form of samples. You need to have enough samples of your writing ability to convince prospects to hire you for their blog or newsletter. You can house your samples on Contently, on LinkedIn or on your blog (which I suggest since having a home base of all your writing and business is more converting). Seasoned Freelance Writer Plan Okay. Youve been freelance writing for over a year now and probably had clients in the past. So, what do you do to take your freelance writing business to the next level? The first thing is you need to start raising your rate. I know this can be scary and daunting, but thats how you can make a living as a writer. I have a great video to help you (and make sure to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more videos). The next thing is to audit your writer website. You need to look at your portfolio and only showcase your best writing. Segment your portfolio with the different topics you enjoy writing about or just make sure the best samples are on top. Every year I also liked to change up my website copy and look of my site. While this isnt necessary, it helped me grow as a freelance writer and figure out my ideal client through that process. Finally, I would lean on your established clients and ask for referral business. My two top methods of landing freelance writing jobs as a seasoned writer are through referrals from previous clients and from other freelance writers and through my website. 3. Take Time Off Work on Weekends This may be hard for many. For me, I focus on my personal projects on the weekends and save freelance writing for the week. For new writers, this doesnt mean stop work completely; it just means dont pitch or do outreach on the weekends. Instead, use this time as learning time or educational time on learning how to be a freelance writer. You can also learn more about your niche or a service like copywriting. Personally, the best places to find freelance writing tips are on Pinterest. Make sure to follow me! Just type in freelance writing into the search bar and see what pins interests you! You can also check out these blogs to help you out: FreelancerFAQs The Write Life Freelance Writing If you can fit learning into your schedule then you wont feel like doing that is a waste of time. It is part of your plan to be the better freelance writer! During the weekend is mom time, right? Grocery shopping, meal planning, family time and more! For our family, every Saturday is family day. We do an activity like go to the lake, go bowling, bike ride or play mini-golf! The point is, to spend quality time as a family since you work so hard during the week. Back To School Means Back to Work for Freelance Writer Moms Summer is only two months where I live. Its only hot for those two months and then it cools down and before you know it, theres snow for 8 months out of the year! Balancing it as a work at home mom means fitting work during the summer and planning your work when your children go back to school. I hope these tips helped you and let me know in the comments your plan for back to school! I want to hear them!

Free Essays on Blues Analysis

Blues analysis Lighting Hopkins, Mojo Hand Blues legend, Sam ‘Lightning’ Hopkins’ long career might be said to have begun in 1920s, but it was not until the blues revival of the late fifties that Hopkins’ music began to reach the white audience. He had a great ability to improvise songs. He didn’t rehearse his songs; he lived them. He made up songs about things he experienced in his neighborhood. When he went into the studio he recorded whatever came into his mind. He recorded a total of more than eighty-five albums and toured around the world. What makes him special among his many contemporaries is his uniqueness; he leaps out and makes you notice him. He’s like no one else. The first thing that strikes you is his voice. It’s like a snicker and a laugh. Then there is his guitar playing. He was a master and had a distinctive guitar style. Hopkins’ emotions are as tightly focused as his guitar playing throughout. He always sounds relaxed. He plays either solo or with a dru mmer nailing down the rhythm. One of the favorite songs sang by him, is ‘Mojo Hand’ recorded in New York City in 1960. It is a 12-bar song with six verses and it features very little improvisation. The general pattern (chord progression) of the verse is: C C G C F G C In this song the most notable instrument is the guitar, which serves as a rhythmic and a melodic beat at the same time. The song starts with the four verses that comply these patterns with some slight differences. After the 4th and 5th verse, a solo guitar is added accompanied with standard chord changes: C, C - G, C - F, G, C. When the drums come in, Hopkins takes advantage of their presence to extend his high note runs, leaving the drummer Francis Clay to hold down the rhythm. Vocal and guitar are both joint perfectly (there is slight distortion, which is for better). The text that is sung with the melody doesn’t synchronize perfectly with the chord changes, b... Free Essays on Blues Analysis Free Essays on Blues Analysis Blues analysis Lighting Hopkins, Mojo Hand Blues legend, Sam ‘Lightning’ Hopkins’ long career might be said to have begun in 1920s, but it was not until the blues revival of the late fifties that Hopkins’ music began to reach the white audience. He had a great ability to improvise songs. He didn’t rehearse his songs; he lived them. He made up songs about things he experienced in his neighborhood. When he went into the studio he recorded whatever came into his mind. He recorded a total of more than eighty-five albums and toured around the world. What makes him special among his many contemporaries is his uniqueness; he leaps out and makes you notice him. He’s like no one else. The first thing that strikes you is his voice. It’s like a snicker and a laugh. Then there is his guitar playing. He was a master and had a distinctive guitar style. Hopkins’ emotions are as tightly focused as his guitar playing throughout. He always sounds relaxed. He plays either solo or with a dru mmer nailing down the rhythm. One of the favorite songs sang by him, is ‘Mojo Hand’ recorded in New York City in 1960. It is a 12-bar song with six verses and it features very little improvisation. The general pattern (chord progression) of the verse is: C C G C F G C In this song the most notable instrument is the guitar, which serves as a rhythmic and a melodic beat at the same time. The song starts with the four verses that comply these patterns with some slight differences. After the 4th and 5th verse, a solo guitar is added accompanied with standard chord changes: C, C - G, C - F, G, C. When the drums come in, Hopkins takes advantage of their presence to extend his high note runs, leaving the drummer Francis Clay to hold down the rhythm. Vocal and guitar are both joint perfectly (there is slight distortion, which is for better). The text that is sung with the melody doesn’t synchronize perfectly with the chord changes, b...

Direct and Indirect Compensation Essays

Direct and Indirect Compensation Essays Direct and Indirect Compensation Paper Direct and Indirect Compensation Paper Question: â€Å"If employee undervalue the cost of benefit, why should a company not drop benefit and simply add more direct compensation† Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain using relevant organizational examples. CONTENTS 1. Introduction3 2. Findings and Analysis 2. 1 What is employee benefit? 4 2. 2 What is compensation? - Critical analysis of compensation components and its function in an organization? 6 2. 3 Total Reward Management8 2. Critical analysis of motivation. 10 3. Conclusion12 References. 14 Bibliographies15 1. Introduction There is a common phenomenon in the workforce-employee underestimates his or her cost of benefit, for some employers they will still retain the benefits and easily supplement more direct compensation to the unsatisfied employees in order to attract them. Actually, benefits are forms of value, other than payment, that are provided to the employee in return for their contribution to the organization, th at is, for doing their jobs. Employee benefits typically refers to insurance, (Example 1)such as retirement insurance, health life insurance, disability insurance, vacation, employee stock ownership plans, etc . The reason why employees are unhappy of their cost of benefit is associated with company’s total reward management. Firstly, it will probably relate with employee’s misunderstanding or lack of communication of benefit value. (Example 2) Too many employees today dont really understand their benefits packages, says Marianne Adams, assistant vice president of enrollment services at Colonial Life Accident Insurance Company. Example 3) â€Å"With more costs and decision-making being shifted to employees, benefits communication and education is more important than ever,† says Randy Horn, president CEO of Colonial Life. Secondly, benefit undervaluation is also likely related to the thorough understanding and flexible application of compensation program. Generally, compensation categorized into direct and indirect, both of them have different function and motivation effect. Direct compensation is a remuneration provided to employees in exchange for their labor and services for the company. These include base pay, variable pay, performance-related payments and any retroactive pay, and employees can use it for the purchase of goods and services at their will. To the opposite of direct compensation is indirect compensation, it means the employee is the beneficiary, but does not receive directly. (Example 4) contributions to retirement pension, medical insurance, training and education opportunities, and child care voucher and other forms of indirect benefit. Furthermore, it is likely what we think is a valuable benefit will not just satisfy other employee. This has something to do with employee motivation, we can take Maslow’s hierarchy of needs for reference, which means every human being has different motivation requirement from their work, for some employees, the basic needs, such as food, house, safety, for some others maybe higher to self-esteem or self-actualization. Thus, employer should establish reasonable and flexible total reward management policy under thorough understanding of compensation program along successful application of motivation strategy. Just like an old Chinese saying goes, know the enemy, know yourself, you will never know defeat. In this case, we can say know total reward management, know employee’s motivation requirement, you will never know benefit undervaluation. 2. Findings and Analysis 2. 1 What is employee benefit? Benefit 5) benefits are insurance (medical, life, dental, disability, unemployment and workers compensation), vacation pay, holiday pay, and maternity leave, pension pay, profit sharing, stock options, and bonuses and so on. Furthermore, there is another interpretation of benefits that is tangible or intangible. The benefits listed above are tangible benefits. Intangible benefits are less direct, (Example 6) appreciation from a boss, opportunity for promotion, nice working environment, etc. According to Gary Dessler’s benefit classification, he classifies them into 4 categories, which are: (1) pay for time not worked, (2) insurance benefits, (3) retirement benefit, (4) services. (Dessler, 2011) 2. 1. 1 Pay for time not worked The definition of pay for time not worked is the time not worked by an employee, which included to the paying working time field. Normally, companies give a certain period of time to employee to deal with non-work related affairs. Pay for time not worked generally including holiday, vacations, jury duty, funeral leave, military duty, personal days, sick leave, sabbatical leave, maternity leave, and unemployment insurance payments for laid 10) National Insurance in UK is mandatory, which shared by employee and employer together. Some other companies in order to improve their benefit attraction will add additional insurance categories, such as disable insurance. (Example 11) IBM U. S. provides U. S employees with 100 percent coverage for primary health care beginning in 2010, employees who worked in IBM will obtain full coverage of the whole year primary health care insurance. It is the first company that provides 100 percent primary care to its employees in U. S. (www. bm. com) 2. 1. 3 Retirement Benefit In US, the retirement benefit mainly including federal social security and employer pension/retirement plans (Dessler, 2011). In UK, the retirement benefits generally manifested in National Insurance which was firstly a beneficial system of insurance against disease and unemployment, and gradually cover retirement benefit. The contributions of National Insurance paid according to how much you earn and whether youre employed or self-employed. Its contribution is borne by employees and employer together. Furthermore, you stop paying National Insurance contributions when you meet State Pension age which is 65 in U. K. Besides the standard operational requirement, many companies conduct flexible retirement policies. (Example 12) O2 Company allows its employee put their pension benefits into payment without leaving the company. (www. o2. co. uk). (Example 13) Barclay, which is famous for its excellent benefit, in a position to allow their employees use fund to buy company annuity pension and then put it as a tax-free lump sum. (www. group. barclays. com/Home) 4. Services In order to recruit and retain talented employee along with consideration of different employee’s specific situations, (Example 14) some of the employees are single 15) Sainsbury choose childcare vouchers as their benefit package, vouchers are non-taxable and exempt from National Insurance contributions and therefore represent a saving for colleagues who receive them as part of their total reward package. (www. sainsburys. co. uk) (Example 16)Employees prefer choice in their benefit plans. In one survey of working couples, 83% took advantage of flexible hours (when available); 69% took advantage of the flexible style benefits; and 75% said that prefer flexible benefit plans. (Dessler, 2011) 2. 2 What is compensation? Critical analysis of compensation components and its function in an organization. 2. 2. 1 What is compensation? Practically, the manager get used to define compensation in a simply financial perspective, (Example 17) they think compensation is just about wages, salaries, vacation pay, and various insurance and other kinds of indirect benefits. On another hand, employee think compensation in a more narrowly way, they hold the point that compensation is just about salary along with insurance given by the company for exchange of their work for the company. However, in order to understand compensation completely and deeply for the sake of both employer to satisfy their employee at a larger extent and to motivate employee to keep loyalty and profitable for the company, we should comprehend compensation in its broadest sense. Compensation is defined as the total reward package offered by an organization to its employees. It encompasses all of the rewards or payments-tangible and intangible, monetary and nonmonetary, physical and psychologicalthat an organization provides its employees in exchange for the work they perform. Caruth,N. L. and Handlogten,G. D. 2001, p1) In my opinion, compensation is a form of deal between employer and employee. Employee work for the company, and then the company gives them they deserved and wanted compensation. Whether it is a good deal or not depends on their mutual satisfaction. However, in general, the main purpose of compensation is to attract, retain, motivate and satisfy employees as long as possible f or the normal and efficient operation of an organization 2. 2. 2 Critical analysis of compensation components and its function in an organization? Normally, compensation is consisting of direct and indirect compensation. Elements of a total compensation program include both direct and indirect compensation. Direct compensation refers to salaries, bonuses, and other forms of incentive payments. Indirect compensation refers to employee benefits and perquisites, items that an employee typically receives in forms other than cash payments. ( Fallon,L. F. and Zgodzinski,E. J. 2005) Compensation is commonly divided into direct and indirect pay. Direct pay includes the following types of pay: salary (exempt employees), hourly rate (nonexempt employees), bonuses, incentives, and stock options in some cases. Indirect pay includes the following: vacation time, holiday time, sick time, benefits, and discounts. (Rodenhauser,P 2000) However, besides direct and indirect compensation, Caruth and Handlogten enriched compensation scope with psychological satisfaction. Any organizations total compensation or reward package is comprised of three major components: direct monetary rewards, indirect monetary payments and psychological satisfaction. In designing an effective compensation package, all three elements must be carefully considered. (Caruth,N. L. and Handlogten, G. D. 2001, p2). Direct monetary rewards are the most obvious compensation component. Sometimes referred to as cash compensation, these rewards encompass all those items involving the payment of dollars to employees for work accomplished or effect expanded(e. g. wage, a salary, a commission). Whether paid by the hour, by the month, or by another method, direct compensation is discretionary income to the employee. He or she is able to spend it in whatever way desired for the purchase of goods and services. (Caruth, N. L. and Handlogten, G. D. 2001, p2). Indirect monetary payments include those items of financial value the organization provide to employees that do not result directly in employees receiving spendable dollars. This compensation component is usually referred to as benefits. Including in this category are various forms of protection (health insurance, life insurance, disability insurance) and services (financial counseling, employer subsidized cafeterias, uniforms, free parking). Caruth,N. L. and Handlogten, G. D. 2001,p3). Psychological Satisfactions consists of the psychological satisfactions sometimes called psychic incomewhich a worker derives from the work he or she performs and the environment in which it is performed. This form of compensation includes opportunities to perform meaningful work, social interactions with others in the workplace, job training, advancement possi bilities, recognition, and a host of similar factors. Caruth,N. L. and Handlogten, G. D. 2001). In my opinion, Caruth and Handlogten’s three compensation components are more acceptable and with better practice guarding value compared with Fallon et al. and Rodenhauser’s summarization of compensation. Since the latter two authors’ understanding about compensation are mainly focus on general reward management which less of unique competitive advantage compared with other companies which provide more psychological satisfaction. Because psychological satisfaction is related with a broader concept, such as company’s management model, company culture and individual’s life value, harmonious interpersonal relationship and so on. (Example 18) If a talented chip engineer wants his innovation protected and applied properly, he will choose to work for Intel rather than HP, although maybe HP provides better direct and indirect compensation, because Intel is famous for RD, vertical management which will give his innovation a very good research and patent protection environment. Example 19) In1983, Apple CEO Jobs invited Pepsi former CEO John Sculley to join with him together as combined CEO of Apple, Jobs just said a word to Sculley : â€Å"Whether you want to sell soda water all your life or instead to change the world? †. Last, Sculley moved by Jobs’s personal magnetism charisma and joined Apple which has fiercer market competition. 2. 3 Total Reward Management 2. 3. 1 Definition of total reward management The terminology ‘reward management’ was first introduced by Armstrong and Murlis in 1988 with the aim to meet the flexible, diverse and innovative reward management for a better employee performance. The activity ‘reward management’, has been described as encompassing not only the development, maintenance, communication, and evaluation of reward processes, but also concerned with the development of appropriate organizational cultures, underpinning core values and increasing the commitment and motivation of employees(Armstrong and Murlis,1998 quoted in Beardwell Claydon. 010. p502) In my opinion, total reward management firstly it is holistic and comprehensive, as for the means of reward, it is almost including all the categories of reward, such as direct as well as indirect, psychological satisfaction, tangible and intangible, intrinsic along with extrinsic from which employee can obtain satisfaction through their work. Secondly, company environment, such as the company pursuit, fundamental value orientation, humanistic concern are also an influential factor for employee’s career consideration. Only by successful application of the above rewards categories, organization can maximize its business performance and leads to sustained competitive advantage. However, every above step needs employer’s sound mastering of reward function, strategic pay, efficient communication rate and correct motivation choice. 2. 3. 2 The Tovers Perrin Model of Total Reward In order for us to choose correct reward program in a diverse situation, we should firstly familiar with the possible classification of total reward. Please refer to the next figure 1 of Tovers Perrin total reward model; Transactional (tangible) | | Pay | Benefits | |Base Pay | | |Contingent pay |Pensions | |Cash bonuses |Holidays | |Long 20) base pay, variable pay, long term incentives, and so on is belonging to this category. The below relational, also is intangible refers to indirect or psychological satisfaction of employee. (Example 21) Such as job autonomy, career opportunities, involvement and employee voice an d so on. The transactional rewards are basic components of total reward; most of the companies will conduct various transactional rewards to recruit, keep and motivate their employee. In the contrary, the relational rewards has plenty significance, except its specific function of motivating employee, it also plays as an intensive role for the above transactional rewards. If we say the transactional rewards satisfied with employee’s material requirement, then we can say the relational rewards meets their spiritual demand. Thus, a successful total reward management should be combine both transactional and relational rewards. 2. 4 Critical analysis of motivation After understanding of what employer should know, next we should also clear of what the employee wants? This is involving with what motivates employee most? The most useful motivation model is provided by a psychologist, Professor Abraham Maslow, which is known as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. In this model, human needs for survival are primary; the need for safety is secondary. Following in sequence are needs related to love and belonging, the need for esteem, and the need for self 23) Many successful billionaires’ first priorities are not always self-actualization, on the contrary, they will pay much attention on their safety in case of murder or kidnapping arise from their huge wealth. (Example 24) A newly graduated ambitious student will probably choose a low salary and low self-esteem work which is of great help of their self-actualization in the future, for instance, during those years, certain Chinese university graduate choose to work beginning as a manual labor, such as planting vegetable or butcher. They aim to grow better and more nutritious vegetable using their knowledge learnt in school and by advanced management to operate a famous butcher chain in China. Thus, we cannot explain the above cases use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, because they are actually not abide by one low needs satisfied than move to another higher need. However, Clayton Alderfer covered the shortage of Malslow s theory with his ERG theory. Alderfer think Malsows hierarchy have some overlap in middle levels, so he reduced Malsows five levels of need into three which are Existence: Physiological and safety needs Relatedness: Social and external esteem needs Growth: Self-actualization and internal esteem needs. As ERG is based on Malsows Hierarchy, so it has similarity, that is also in hierarchicalexistence is the first consideration, then moves to relatedness needs, the last and also highest is growth. Their difference is ERG allows people to pursue the different levels at the same time. (Example 25)We doing our job, except obtaining the payment for the basic existence need, we still desire to achieve social and external esteem as well. Another difference is ERG allows the different needs for different people, which means taking consideration of every one’s specific condition. Just like the above cases show, billionaire may probably choose existence; a poor student will be interested in growth firstly. Last difference is when an employee failed to obtain a higher level of need, then they will probably regress to a lower level, which he or she can reach at present, this is known as â€Å"frustration 26) If an employee cannot reach growth need, then they will move to relatedness instead, so in such situation, employer should try to provide relatedness needs to motivate employee until the growth change come. Thus, under ERG theory, managers should know that every employee has different motivation requirement or several needs at the same time, thus we should apply the motivation step flexibly and distinctively. 3. Conclusion Last, let’s come back to our question. After understanding the compensation program and total reward management as well as motivation theories, I do agree that employer still keep benefit, as benefit is a crucial part of total compensation. It is a dispensable value of employee’s payment from their service for the company. (Example 27), such as national insurance, compensation, retirement benefit is an important element of a family’s financial condition and also beneficial for social stability. Furthermore, if other competitor companies provide better benefit, it will definitely reduce our company’s advantage to attract experienced employees thus affect the company’s performance and sustainable development in the long term. However, I disagree that the employer simply adds more direct compensation. Just as this thesis mentioned above, when we establish or adjust reward management policy, we should take the following factors into consideration. Firstly, clearly define direct and indirect compensation package, let employee understand what benefit that they can get from them. Secondly, establish total reward management according to the employee’s specific situation, such as the application of cafeteria benefits plan, (Example 28) a child-care voucher will be unappealing for a single young employee but is a competitive benefit for a single parent. (Example 29) A VIP club membership discount card would be meaningless for a just graduated poor student compared with a valuable training or a good employer to guide him. (Example 30) An employee with two elderly and weak parents at home will be more motivated by elder care or flexible work schedule arrangements rather than increased mileage allowance. Thus, we can conclude that a successful and effective reward management should be based on a thorough understanding of employee’s motivation incentive and choose and establish the appropriate combination of transactional and relational rewards program, and then our reward management will not be undervalued by employees. References: Books: 1. Armstrong, M. (2009) Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resouce Management Practice (11th ed). London, Kogan Page. Pp 742-743. 2. Baron, A. and Armstrong, M. (2007) Human Capital Management Achieving Added Value through People. London, Kogan Page Limited, pp. 114-116 p. 192. 3. Beardwell, J. and Claydon,T (2010) Human Resource Management A Contemporary Approach(6th ed). England, Prentice Hall, p501. 4. Bogardus, A. M. 2009) PHR/SPHR Professional in Human Resources Certification Study Guide (3rd ed). Indianapolis,Wiley Publishing, p275. 5. Caruth, N. L. and Handlogten,G. D. (2001) Managing Compensation (and Understanding It Too): A hand b ook for the perplexed. American, Greenwood Publishing Group, pp1-3 6. Dessler,G. (2011) Human Resource Management (12th ed) New Jersey, Pearson Education, pp490-518. 7. Fallon,L. F. and Zgodzinski,E. J. (2005) Essentials of Public Health Management (2nd ed) London, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, p 184. 8. Harzing, A-W and Ruysseveldt, J. V (2006) International Human Resource Management (2nd ed) London, SAGE Publications Ltd. pp. 306 -325. . Milliken,M. E. and Honeycuttt,A. (2004)Understanding Human Behavior: A guide for health care providers (7th ed). USA,Thomson Delmar Learning, p73 10. Nieto,M. L. (2006) An Introduction to Human Resource ManagementAn Integrated Approach. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 183-186 pp. 194-195. 11. Rodenhauser, P (2000) Mental Health Care Administration: a Guide for Practitioners. (4th ed) Michigan, University of Michigan, p 218. Bibliographies: Internet: 1, Barclay employee benefit http://group. barclays. com/Careers/Personal-development/Rewards-and -benefits [Accessed on April 16] 2. Befenit Management bmshealth. com/company. sp [Accessed on April 8] 3. Colonial life (Spring 2009) coloniallife. com/en/Newsroom/~/media/acrobat/newsroom/white%20papers/NS-10681_white_paper. ashx [Accessed on April 12] 4. Contingent pay jrank. org/business/pages/280/contingent-pay. html April 19 [Accessed on April 19] 5. Critical analysis http://library. bcu. ac. uk/learner/Study%20Skills%20Guides/4%20Critical%20analysis. htm [Accessed on April 20] 6. Difference between direct and indirect compensation [Accessed on March 5th] 7. Direct compensation http://payroll. naukrihub. com/compensation/direct-compensation. html [Accessed on March5th] 8. ERG netmba. om/mgmt/ob/motivation/erg/ [Accessed on April 21] 9. Harward style of refering library. dmu. ac. uk/Images/Selfstudy/Harvard. pdf [Accessed on April 9] 10. Harward style of referring (September 2008) http://libraryonline. leedsmet. ac. uk/lco/publications/pdf/subj/is-9. pdf [Accessed on April 9] 11. Herzberg http://changingminds. org/explanations/needs/herzberg_needs. htm [Accessed on April 19] 12. IBM insurance http://www-03. ibm. com/press/us/en/pressrelease/28728. wss#release [Accessed on April 16] 13. Jobs and soda water garden-cn. com/bbs/ShowPost. asp? ThreadID=70 [Assessed on April 20] 14. Nicholson. J. Direct compensation ehow. om/facts_5863432_included-direct-compensation_. html [Accessed on March 5th] 15. Retirement age of U. K (January 13, 2011) bbc. co. uk/news/business-12177927 [Accessed on April 16] 16. Sainsburys employee insurance http://www2. sainsburys. co. uk/aboutus/recruitment/Store+Roles+overview/Reward+and+Benefits/Reward+and+Benefits. htm? WT. svl=2WT. seg_1=nav_secondary [Accessed on April 16] 17. What is an introduction of an essay customessays. co. uk/blog/essay/essay-introduction/ [Accessed on April 9] 18. Woodward-Kron, R. et el. (2000) Introduction to en essay http://unilearning. uow. edu. au/essay/4bii. html [Accessed on April 9]

Case Analysis and Recommendation Research Paper

Case Analysis and Recommendation - Research Paper Example The issue started on 11 March 2008, when Shared refused to participate in a GSD sponsored event to attend to a family obligation. Haydar though, his direct supervisor, did not express objection of any sort but reported the matter to Sahib beyond Shared’s knowledge. For the following four weeks, Shared was denied of assignments upon Sahib’s instruction. Nevertheless, when he approached Haydar, Shared was advised not to get troubled by the setup. On 06 April 2008, Shared was summoned, without prior notice, to the office of the Employees Relations’ Head on account of the aforementioned recommendation. This was the only time Shared was informed of the presence of a disciplinary proceeding in which he is the main concern. Tasks in the Accompany Services department were assigned verbally, and partakers are chosen randomly by the division’s director. The same involve planning, arranging and executing detailed programs of visiting business delegations. The departm ent also arranges for a number of other services including security escorts, transportation, and logistics. On the date in question, Shared was not notified of his supposed participation until a few hours before the event. Shared also explained that the red marks on his attendance record were duly sanctioned—notice of late appearance and leave of absence were filed properly. Further, he suggested verifying with his colleagues that he is always within the workplace the entire shift. Shared criticized the action taken by his superiors, and pointed out that he should have received a verbal or written warning before the case is even initiated. The Discipline and Grievance committee investigating Shared’s case knows that both Haydar and Sahib can be held legally responsible for such an unethical procedure. The action taken does not comply with the rules and regulations of the GSD and the Department of Civil Services. Even so, Shared does not want to impair his relationship with his superiors as this may directly impact conditions at work. On 20 April 2008, two separate meetings with Haydar and Sahib were requested by the chairman of the committee. Sahib turned down the request on grounds that the written recommendation was not his doing, while Haydar argued that he did not know about the existing organizational policies, and proposed that the case be terminated as if nothing happened. A case where the main problem is not accurately identified will not be resolved as a whole. There are always sub problems that coexist with the main problem; and at times, without thorough analysis, these are confused with the other. In effect, the proposals intended for resolution are subsequently regarded as ineffective when in fact it is the preliminary procedure that brought about the failure. From this scenario, it can be established that Shared has nearly been a victim of unethical disciplinary practices at work. There are several aspects in the company system that prove ineffectual, thus employees have low morale and do not display confidence in the administration. The Civil Services Department asserts the existence of rules and regulat